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THE BOJIRD OF MAJVAGERS 



Ste THE 



AMERICAN COLONIZATION SOCIETY, 



TO THE 



flwxlliai!^ Societies 



THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATER. 



^ 



J WASHINGTON : 

FRINTED BY DAVIS AND FORCE, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUi;. 

Mr/. 1 820. 



The Hon. Bushrod Washington, Presidmtp 

Vice-Presidents* 
Hon. Wm. H. Crawford, of Georgia. 
Hon. Henry Clay, of Kentucky. 
Hon. Wm. Philips, of Massachusetts. 
Col. Henry Rutgers, of New-York. 
Hon. John E, Howard, of Maryland. 
Hon. John C. Herbert, of Maryland. 
Isaac M'Kim, Esq. of Maryland. 
John Taylor, of Caroline, Esq. of Virginia, 
General John Hartwell Cocke, of Virginia.: 
Gen. Andrew Jackson, of Tennessee. 
Robert Ralston, Esq. of Philadelphia. 
Right Rev. Bishop White, of Philadelphia. 
Gen. John Mason, District of Columbia. 
Samuel Bayard, Esq. of New-Jersey. 
Wilham H. Fitzhugh, Esq, of Virginia. 

Managers. 

Francis S. Key, Esq, Rev. Wm, Hawley, 

Walter Jones, Esq. Rev. Henry Foxall, 

Rev. Dr. James Laurie, Jacob Hoffman, Esq. 

Rev. Dr. S. B. Balch, Wm. Thornton, Esq, 

Rev. Obailri!: E. Emwn, Th< mas Doughert.x , EstJ, 

Rev. Wm. H. Wilmer, Col. Henry Ashton^ 

El'as B. Caldwell, Esq. Sccretnry. 
John Unc'c.rwood, Recording Secrttary^ 
Riciiard Smith, Treasurer. 



ADDRESS. 



% the Auxiliary Colonization Societies and the People of the Unit&d 

States : 

The Board of Managers of the American Colonization Society 
have received, by the return of the Elizabeth from Africa, letters 
from their agent and the people \\ho went out in that vessel, con- 
taining most gratifying and interesting intelligence of their arrival 
and reception in that country* 

They are greatly encouraged by these communications to perse- 
vere in their object. Success now seems no longer doubtful. The 
soil, climate, and productions of the country will afford a health/ 
and comfortable subsistence ; the favourable disposition of the na- 
tives, and the previous settlement, at Sherbro, of a number of free 
coloured people under Mr. Kizell, give us every reason to hope 
for the security of the establishment ; and the well-directed and 
zealous eiforts of our government to carry into execution, the law 
for the suppression of the slave-trade, ensure every necessary pro- 
tection. 

The period is now arriving when the Society purpose to send 
out one or more vessels, to carry to the settlement a number of the 
free people of colour of this country ; a considerable number of 
whom are anxiously waiting to avail themselves of such an oppor- 
tunity. Already the number of applicants exceeds, considerably, 
the accommodations of a single ship ; and frequent and pressing 
applications are still continually occurring. 

As most of these persons must not only be supported during their 
voyage, but will require, for a time, many articles to contribute to 
the comfort of the settlement, a considerable and immediate supply 
of funds will be necessary. 

The friends of the Society, in many places, have already given 
liberally ; but our expenditures have been necessarily great. The 
magnitude of the object and the evident prospect of success, will, 
we hope, induce its friends every where, to come forward at this 
important juncture, and render that prompt and etfeetual aid whioli 
^e emergency demand?. 



12 



When wc present to the view of the American pubhc the estab- 
lishment of free coloured people on the land of their forefathers, 
transported thither from this, and settled and supported by the be- 
nevolence of our citizens, we trust we cannot appeal in vain for the 
continuance of their liberality. The progress of such a work can- 
not fail to excite an increasing interest. The patriot will hail it as 
promising the highest blessings he can hope for his country, and the 
heart of the philanthropist will exult at the wide prospect of happi- 
ness it presents ; while the christian, with the superadded impulse of 
diffusing among all around him the light and the hope in which he 
glories, will thank God that he is permitted to be a co-worker in 
such a cause. 

The letters subjoined, will show the various articles that arc 
wanted for the settlers ; and donations in such goods will be thank- 
fully accepted from those who may not have it in their power to 
give money on this occasion. 

The different Auxiliary Societies throughout the United States, 
are respectfully solicited to collect and send on their supplies of 
money to Richard Smith, Esq. Treasurer of this Society, at the 
Branch Bank, Washington, ard to hold the donations they may 
receive in goods and other articles, until it is ascertained from what 
port the vessel will sail. 

We beg leave to conclude by particularly addressing ourselves t& 
the Rev. Clergy of the United States of all rehgious denominations, 
from whose interest and influence we cannot help expecting, with 
confidence, considerable assistance* 

We would respectfully request them to consider, in all its bear- 
ings, the object we present to them, and its probable consequences -, 
to give to their respective congregations, information on this subject, 
and to solicit and collect for the Society, whatever their means may 
enable them to give. A ready and important addition to our funds, 
we have no doubt, might thus be made, perhaps with more ease 
than in any other way. A small sum from each congregation in 
the United States would enable us to redouble our exertions. 
Whatever they may thus collect, they will please to remit as above 
directed, , . , n. 

By order of the Managers, 

E. B. Caldwell, Cot. Seci 



15 

i:etteT from Mr. Samuel A. Crozer to E. B. Caldwell, Esq. Secretary of the American 
Cblouizaiioti Society. 

River Sherbro, Marcli 31, 1820. 

SIR, 

Having received tny appointment as first agent of the Coloni' 
zation Society, to reside on the coast ot Africa, on the seventeenth 
of .January, 1820, I immediately made the requisite preparations, 
and proceeded to New-York, where I received instructions to ap- 
propriate the funds in that place, (except one thousand dollars re- 
mitted from the city of Washington,) to " the providing of the ne- 
cessary presents to the natives, and for making preparations for 
the comfortable establishment and subsistence of the first colonists 
tvho shall need the aid of the Society." They amounted to four- 
teen hundred and forty-eight dollars and fifty cents, which I endea- 
voured to dispose of to the best advantage that the shortness of the 
time would admit of, in procuring articles which, according to the 
best information I could obtain, were the most suitable for the pur- 
pose, and which, together with the goods received by donations, 
were put on board the ship Elizabeth, captain Sebor, bound to the 
coast of Africa, in w'hich I embarked on the sixth of February in 
the character of physician. After a passage of thirty days we ar- 
rived at Sierra Leone. Governor M'Carty was absent in the coun- 
try, but returned on the Saturday evening following ; and, consider- 
ing the danger of making any delay, we determined to make our 
Communications on the following day, when, with the letter of the 
Hon. B. Washington, I despatched the ensuing letters to his ex- 
cellency : 

" Sir — Having arrived as officis(ting physician on board the ship 
Ehzabeth, as stated in the communication of the Rev. Samuel Ba- 
con, Principal Agent of the United States for providing for iibeiat- 
ed Africans, I beg leave to inform your excellency, that I am au- 
thorized by the Colonization Society to select and purchase a suit- 
able site on the western coast of Africa, (?n which to colonii:e those 
free people of colour of the United States, who may be desitous of 
settling there ; and to take charge of the government of the colony 
when established. A contract having been entered into b^ the 
Princes, Headmen, &;c. of Sherbro, to furnish land for the proposed 
colony, if it meet w^ith the views of the Society to establish it there, 
I am instructed in the first instance to direct my attention to that 
country, and if it should not answer their expectations, to the most 
eligible situation that can be procured on the ooast. The United 
States having appointed agents to provide an esiablishment for lib^ 
erated Africans, the Society conceive it will be niutuully advanta- 
geous, to fix upon the same local position ; and that concert between 
the agents of both parties, will contribute to the advancement of 
their several objects. I have presumed to make this statement t» 
your excellency that my future proceedings may be properly ap- 
prehended by the oiiitters ©f th« governmejit «f Sierra Leone- 



14 

ivhose friendship and co-operation, in meliorating the unhappy con- 
dition of the niucliinjurcd Africans, we ardently desire to obtain; 
and which, from the friendly and polite attention, shown to the for- 
mer agents of the Soci«ty, we have every reason to expect. It is 
believed that a colony at bherbro. will be of material advantage to 
that at Sierra Leone ; the proposed colony being intended as far 
as possible to be an agricultural establishment, will, it is believed, 
considerably enhance the commercial interests of the colony at 
Sierra Leone ; and that many advantages will arise from the mutual 
succour and support, which it will be in their power to render each 
other." 

To develope as candidly as possible the views of the Society, the 
second letter was as follows : 

" Sir — Should the colony, proposed to be established by the Co- 
lonization Society, be located in the neighbourhood of Sierra Leone^ 
1 beg leave to propose^ with a view to a mutual good understand- 
ing, that neither colony shall employ, or grant lands or other pri- 
vileges, to the citizens of the other, without the approbation of their 
respective governments : An arrangement of this kind will effec- 
tually prevent any unpleasant interference with the interests of 
each other." 

The foregoing letter was written wilh some hesitation, fearing 
lest I should encroach on the Society ; jet it was with the approba- 
tion of Mr. Bacon, and a conviction that it was relinquishing nothing 
which the constitution of the Society called for. These communi- 
cations were received respectfully by his excellency, who invited 
us to dine with him the next day, when he received us with the ut- 
most politeness, and tendered his services. Being chagrined and 
worn out with unavoidable delays, Mr. Bacon purchased a small 
armed schoonei- for the purpose of unlading the ship, and we sail- 
ed for Sherbro on the seventeenth of March. Mr. Bankson had 
previously been sent to confer with Mr. Kizell, who has resided in 
the Sherbro country almost constantly, since Messrs. Burgess and 
Mills left the coast 5 we met him on the passage, and he informed 
us that Mr. Kizell had agreed to furnish us with house-room and 
storage, until we could ihul other accommodations. V\ e anchored 
the next day in the river Sherl)ro. twent) -fne miles from Campe- 
lar (the name of Mr. Kizell's place.) where we landed our goods 
as soon as possible. V\ e have not yet held a j)alaver wiUi ihe 
chiefs, but I have no doubt of their checi fully granting us land, 
although there is a trilling alarm among them OA\iiig to false im- 
pressions, that we are the enemies of Mr. Kizell, kc. Mr. Kizell 
is staunch as a rock in our fa\our; he had not received any infor- 
mation concfuning the Society, since the departure of Messrs. Bur- 
gess and Mills: lie left Sierra Leone soon after their departure, 
and went down to Sherbro, where he built a little town, and clear- 
ed a small spot of ground for our reception. On our arrival he 
tad begun to despair of ever seeing us. Laud may be procured on 



IS 

the coast ; and I feel resolved (if it be the will of the Society,) what- 
ever may occur, not to leave the coast until a satisiaotory station is 
procured. It is not now in my power to render any dchnite mlor- 
mation concerning the face of the country, not having liitherto been 
able to make other than superficial observations and not desiring to 
give a hasty opinion ; but the land appears very fertile, it produces 
fruit of all kinds in the greatest abundance, and no doubt will produce 
almost every thing that can satisfy or gratify the real or artificial wants 
of man, with half the labour that they can be produced in the United 
States. This is my opinion from the little observation which I 
have had an opportunity of making, and this is the least produc- 
tive season of the year. I have been agreeably disappointed in tne 
temperature of the climate ; instead of the burning sands of Africa, 
I have found the land clothed with the most exuberant vegetation ; 
and instead of the pestiferous Sirocco, pleasant and refreshing 
breezes : I have not ob^erved the thermometer higher than eighty- 
five of Farenheit. The water at Campelar (which is the only 
place in Sherbro at which I have had an opportunity of trying it) 
is not good 5 it is by no means unwholesome, but is highly impreg- 
nated with iron, and a very small portion of sulphur ; but 1 under- 
stand there is fine water at the situation we have in view for the 
colony. The river Sherbro in which wv now lie, I am satisfied is 
navigable for a ship of at least four hundred tons as far as the Ba- 
groo : further I have not had an opportunity of ascertaining, but 
have been informed that there is bold water up that river as tic as 
the Meno ; but the pilots here appear to have but very little know- 
ledge of the channel, and if they chance to run aground immediate- 
ly attribute it to the shifting of the banks. The most proper arti- 
cles of trade in this place, are tobacco (which ought to be of the 
longest leaves that can be procured, even tliough it should cost 
tr ble the sum that short leaved can be procured for,) pipes, rum. 
or w liskey of the most common kind, blue baftas, gun-powder, 
trade-guns, assorted kiiives, Dutch looking-glasses, gilt jewelry, 
gaudy handkerchiefs, iron pots, showy beads, common chairs, painted 
with high colours and ornamented in the most gaudy manner, to- 
gether with toys of various kinds. These articles are all highly 
necessary, and will command any thing in Africa. I am aware that 
it was not the intention of the Society to use rum ; but it is abso- 
lutely necessary until we obtain proper footing in the country ; the 
natives will do nothing without it, and the withholding it might en- 
tirely cut off the future usefulness of the Society. Mr. Kizell 
made the following observations on this subject, requesting me to 
transmit them to the Society — " That a child could not be weaned 
from the breast of its mother immediately — and the poor natives of 
Africa cannot be torn at once from the use of ardent spirits, but 
must be gradually weaned." This he thinks is the only effectual 
method of conquering that propensity ; he also thinks that the best 
method of preserving their attachment will be to keep a small vessel 



16 

an the coast to trade with them ; their articles of trade are palm 
oil, rice, ivorv, cam-wood, bees-wax, hoiiej, goid-uusi, leopard 
skins, <kc. 

I oiTer the following observations, not with the presumption to 
9.dvise, but simpiy as ideas which have occurred to me, and which 
no doubt have been alreaily considered by the Society. It is 
my opinion, that the object of the Society may be accomplish- 
ed, even with very slender funds ; but great prudence and judg- 
ment are necessary. 

That nothing must be done without mature deliberation, but 
evet-y thing must be done in season. That it will not be pru- 
dent to sutler many to emigrate, until the colony obtaiiis a sub- 
stantial footing, lest it should be overwhelmed before it is or- 
ganized. That the greatest discrimination should be exercised iq 
selecting the emigrants. That no emigrant should be admitted into 
the colony without a certificate signed by some person duly appoint- 
ed by the Society. That an epitome of the regulations of the co- 
lony should be drawn up and printed, and presented to every em- 
igrant before his leaving America, that he may have no cause of 
complaint or disappointment. That it will be expedient to provide 
for every individual a proper allowance of wholesome provisions, 
and that to be served out with the utmost regularity, but to allow 
no luxury of any kind whatever, either to the colonists or agents, as 
they will be a great expense, are useless, and i am convinced by 
experience, are g, continual source of murmuring and discontent. 
That no more white men than are absolutely necessary to transact 
tfeha business of the Society should be admitted into the colony. 
That two agents will be amply sufficient to transact that business at 
present. That no man will be useful as an agent here, except he 
possess sterling talents, extensive and versatile knowledge, and a 
willingness to sacrifice every thing to the welfare of the colony. 
That the agents ought to be governed by strict regulations, and in- 
structions as definite as possible, so as not to leave too much to 
their own discretion, and yet not to cramp them in their operations. 
That the Society should keep the government of the colony strictly 
in their own hands until it be thoroughly organized — And until 
that be the case, not to sulfer any regulations to be passed by tliQ 
agents or colonists which are not necessary on account of localities. 
Lastly, that a code of laws and regulations shall be forwarded as 
soon as possible. And, if these measures are pursued, I feel san- 
guine of success. 

We found it necessary on cur arrival here to send to Sierra 
Leone, to purchase rum, tobacco, and trade-guns. Owing to 
our accounts being considerably entangled, and Mr. Bacon not 
having come to any arrangement with me, it is impossible at pre- 
sent to render an account of the manner in which I appropriated 
the funds entrusted to my charge, but it shall be done by the next 
opportunity. 1 am sensible that 1 ought to have niade a report be- 



17 

fore leaving New-York, but, having deferred it until the day of our 
departure, I was prevented by indisposition. I have endeavoured 
in the foregoing lines, to throw together without any kind of system, 
such information as I conceived would be most acceptable to the 
Society and in our present situation is the best that I can render. 
We have many difiiculties before us, but they, comparatively speak- 
ing, vanish into nothing ; let nothing deter the Society from perse- 
vering in a vigorous pursuit of their object, the Lord will prosper 
ft, and may he direct you. 

Yours, respectfully, 

SAMUEL A. CROZER- 



Campelar, Sheibro Island, 22d March, 1820. 

Hon. Bushrod Washington, 

SIR — I desire to return you and the Board of Managers of the 
Colonization Society, my grateful tiiauks for the confidence you 
and they repose in me ; I have received your letter and people. I 
thank you for the first and will take care of the last. Africa is wide 
and long — Africa is fertile and healthy— Africa is afflicted — " Rachel 
mourneth for her children," and " will not be comforted till they 
come home." Send more, and more, and more. I wish you could 
see our sons and daughters growing up by our sides, tall, and 
healthy, and strong; you would say, " surely it is a goodly land." 
You must not slack your hand. You must strive to send my breth- 
ren home. You must not mind the talk of those coloured people 
in your own country who oppose you. They are ignorant of our 
climate, and soil, and fruit, and cattle. It may be, they are wicked 
too, some of them, and do not wish their " Zion well." You must 
not listen to the words of those white persons who try to stop free 
people of colour from coming over. They are blind, sometimes, 
perhaps. You cannot send too many. Let them come and sit 
down in our valleys, and on our hills, and near our rivers, and all 
the country will soon break forth into a song. The Sherbro coun- 
try is full of meat, and fish, and bread, and oil, and honey. Send 
us people to eat them. 

I thank you for the present. It is very useful and very beautiful* 
The people will stop at Campelar till the palaver is over, and land 
bought and cleared, and houses built. It may be the women and 
children will stay till the rains are over. This place is healthy. A 
good sea-breeze always cools us, night and day. God bless you. I 
can say all in one word — God bids you " colonize.''^ I know it is 
God's will. God has sent me here and set me down to make a 
place for my brethren. I say, God has taken up the matter, and 
you must go on, my father, and work with Ilhn in this great work. 
Farewell, fear not : I say, God will stand at your back and look ovev 



18 

your shoulder and see that no ill comes in your path. He bids you 
§p on. Faith leads and God helps. FareWell : J say, " colonize." 

Your friend, 

JOHN KIZELL. 



The following are Extracts from a few Private Letters. 

We all unite in morning and evening prayer in church, and have 
happy seasons. We must build a church, as the one we have is too 
small. It is delightful to witness the desire of these natives to learn. 
We shall have glorious labours here. As we sit in church, some- 
times, every alternate one on the male side is a naked man or boy. 
They cannot speak or understand English, but always say " Amen " 
and never fail to sing the tune with us. ' 

Well, we are in Africa, the gloomy veil that intercepts your view 
from us has been passed by us, and we look back and wonder we 
ever thought it so difficult and dangerous an enterprize. Mr. 
Kizell begs you not to spare or slacken your hand. It is fixed that 
Africa must be colonized, and that colonizing will be the only 
means to stop the slave-trade. Go on, I say, on the authority of 
Mr. Kizell : there is a mild climate, a good soil, and perfect secu- 
rity for settlers, notwithstanding the slave-trade. I say perfect 
security : on these heads I shall ere long hope to speak from expe- 
rience and observation. 

I advise, in case of vessels coming hereafter to this place, that 
all larger vessels, viz. such as draw more than seven feet water to 
come to an anchor about six or seven miles from the Plantains to- 
wards the Sherbro. Anchorage is good, and any vessels may come 
down thus far. A pilot will be needed, which can be had. by com- 
ing to anchor off Cape Sierra Leone, and sending up to Freetown- 
or, by sending some small craft down to Campelai-. The former is 
tnost adviseable. Having anchored at the distance of six miles from 
the Plantains, send your jolly boat down shore past Jenkins (o 
Campelar, and the small craft will go up. I would not advise now, 
that vessels should pass the bar off the Mendo Trees, as the Eliza- 
beth did. It is only three and a half fathoms and full of shoals. 
Stay further up towards the Plantains. If you come with a small 
vessel your pilot can bring you down to Campelar. The above 
advice is predicated on the existing state of things 5 but I am clearly 
of opunon a frigate may come to Campelar. It will be proper to 
sound, and lind, and buoy the channel. There is always a fliir 
northwester to come down. The only way to get back is by takiu'^ 
advantage of the tides, a chance east wind, or beating back; which 
latter caiinot be safe till your channel is wcll-knOwn and marked. 
Grant, Davies, father and son, and Anderson are good pilots. Wc 



19 

propose soon to have Sherbro Sound explored, and all its shoals 
buoyed. 

The water at Campelar is chalybeate, highly so. It is nothing 
but sea-water, as it rises and falls with the tide, passing through a 
bed of iron ore and sand banks. It is black and disagreeable ; but 
the healthiness of this spot is attributed to the sea-air, and the quali- 
ty of the water. 

There is great room for missionaries here — every town ought to 
have one. Missionaries should all know something of medicine, 
and have a chest : they should have farming utensils, and know how- 
to use them, also mechanical instruments. To preach, teach, and 
cultivate are to be united. Send us help — let the current of mis- 
sionary zeal be turned towards this country. God forbid Africa 
should be placed behind India by Americans. 

Mr. Kizell gives us a hearty reception. He has a church lighted 
with two lamps, has a pulpit, bible, and hymn book for it. Preached 
himself once a week, and had prayers morning and evening in it 
before we came. He is a truly pious man— very liberal. Only 
two deaths have taken place in his town since he has had it settled, 
and one of them by lightning. It has a constant sea-breeze. His 
people are all healthy and happy. I never was healthier- — never 
was happier. The Lord landed with us. It was a season of joy. 
Mr. Kizell wept with joy. It would rejoice your soul to be in Cam- 
pelar church. Natives and Americans all joining together in prais- 
ing God. It was worth a voyage across the ocean to see. 

We have had several of the subordinate chiefs^— such as Bongo's 
brother, Sherbro's nephew, old William Ado's son, and others to 
see us. They all said they hear the people pre come, and they 
came down to see if it was true. 

When I speak of naked people, it is always to be understood that 
they wear something about their loins : the women and men sit on 
opposite sides in church. 

This island is fertile, its shores, washed by the sea and cooled by 
its waves, are healthy. We shall go up to the Bagro» tlHs fall to 
I^y out a town, if the kings grant ns a pIaQe> 



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21 

An act in addition to the acts prohibiting the slave-trade. Passed March 3d, 1819. 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled, That the President 
of the United States be, and he is hereby, authorized, whenever he 
shall deem it expedient, to cause any of the armed vessels of the 
United States to be employed to cruize on any of the coasts of the 
United States or territories thereof, or of the coasts of Airica, ur 
elsewhere, where he may judge attempts may be made to carry on 
the slave-trade by citizens or residents of the United States, in con- 
travention of tlie acts of Congress prohibiting the same ; and to 
inbiruct and direct the commanders of all armed vessels of tlie 
United States to seize, take, and bring into any port of the United 
States, all ships or vessels of the United States wheresoever found, 
which may have t. ken on board, or which may be intended for the 
purpose of taking on board, or transporting, or may have transported 
an\ negro, mulatto, or person of colour, in violation of any of the 
provisions of the act, entitled " An act in addition to an act to pro- 
hibit the importation of slaves into any port or place v.ithin tlie 
jurisdiction of the United States from and after ihe first da) of 
January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and 
eight, and to repeal certain parts of the same," or of any other act 
or a.:ts prohibiting the traffick in slaves, to be proceeded against 
according to law. And the proceeds of ail ships and vessels, their 
tackle, apparel, and furniture, and the goods and eliVcis on board 
of them which shall be so seized, prosecuted, and condemned, shall 
be divided equally between the United Slates and the ofticers and 
men who shall seize, take, or bring the same into port for condem- 
nation, whether such seizure be made by an armed vessel of the 
United States or revenue cutter thereof. And the same shall be 
distributed in like manner as is provided by law for the distribution 
of prizes taken from an enemy. Provided, That the officers and 
men to be entitled to one half of the proceeds aforesaid shall safe 
keep every negro, mulatto, or person of colour, found on board anj 
ship or vessel so seized, taken, or brought into port for condemna- 
tion, and shall deliver every such negro, mulatto, or person of co- 
lour, to the marshal of the district in which they are brought, if 
into a port of the United States, or, if elsewhere, to such person or 
persons as shall be lawfully appointed by the President of the Unit- 
ed States in the manner hereinafter directed, transmitting to the 
President of the United States, as soon as may be after such de- 
livery, a descriptive list of such negroes, mulattocs, or persons of 
colour, that he may give directions for the disposal of them. And 
provided further, That the commanders of such commissioned ves- 
sels do cause to be apprehended and taken into custody, every per- 
son found on board of such vessel so seized and taken, being of the 
officers or crew thereof, and bim or them convey, as soon as cor- 



- 28 

yeniently may be, to the civil authority of the United States, to be 
proceeded against iu due course of law in some of the districts 
thereof. 

Sect. 2. And be it further enacted. That the President of the 
United States be, and he is hereby, authorized to make such regu- 
lations and arrangements as he may deem expedient for the safe- 
keeping, support, and removal beyond the limits of the United 
States, of all such negroes, mulattoes, or persons of colour, as may 
be so delivered and brought within their jurisdiction ; and to appoint 
a proper person or persons, residing upon the coast of Africa, as 
agent or agents for receiving the negroes, mulattoes, or persons of 
colour delivered from on board vessels seized in the prosecution of 
the slave trade by commanders of the United States' armed vessels. 

Sect. 3. And be it further enacted, That a bounty of twenty-tive 
dollars be paid to the ollicersand crews of the commissioned vessels 
of the United States, or revenue cutters, for each and every negro, 
mulatto, or person of colour, who shall have been as hereinbefore 
provided, delivered to the marshal or agent duly appointed to re- 
ceive them. And the Secretary of the Treasury is hereby author- 
ized and required to pay, or cause to be paid, to such olhcers and 
«rews or their agent, the aforesaid bounty, for each person delivered 
as aforesaid. 

Sect. 4. And be it further enacted, That when any citizen or 
other person shall lodge information with the attorney for the dis- 
trict of any state or territory, as the case may be, that any negro, 
mulatto, or person of colour, has been imported therein, contrary 
to the provisions of the acts in such case made and provided, it shall 
be the duty of the said attorney forthwith to commence a prosecu- 
tion by information, and process shall issue against the person 
charged with holding such negro, negroes, mulatto, mulattoes, per- 
son or persons of colour, so alleged to be imported contrary to the 
provisions of the acts aforesaid. And if, upon the return of the 
process executed, it shall be ascertained, by the verdict of a jury, 
that such negro, negroes, mulatto, mulattoes, person or persons of 
colour, have been brought in contrary to the true intent and mean- 
ing of the acts in such cases made and provided, then the court 
shall direct the marshal of the said district to take the said negroes 
and mulattoes or persons of colour, into his custody for safe- 
keeping, subject to the orders of the President of the United States ; 
and the informer or informers who shall have lodged the information, 
shall be entitled to receive, over and above the portion of the 
penalties accruing to him or them by the provisions of the acts in 
guch case niade and provided, a bounty of lifty dollars tor each and 
every negro, mulatto, or person of colour, who shall have been de- 
livered into the custody of the marshal ; and the Secretary of the 
Treasury is hereby authorized and required to pay, or cause to be 
paid, the aforesaid bounty, upon the certiiicate of the cleyk 



*r tlie court for the district where the prosecution may liave 
been had, with the seal of office thereto annexed, stating the num- 
ber of negroes, niulattoes, or persons of colour so dehvered. 

Sect. 5. .4nd be it further enacted, That it shall be a duty of 
the commander of any armed vessel of the United States, whene\er 
he shall make any capture under the provisions of this act, to brmg 
the vessel and her cargo for adjudication into some of the ports of 
the state or territory to which such vessel so captured shall bclopii;, 
if he can ascertain the same, if not, then to be sent into any conve- 
nient port of the United States. 

Sect. 6. And be it further enacted, Tliat all such acts or parts of 
acts as may be repugnant to the provisions of this act, shall be and 
the same are hereby repealed. 

Sect. 7. And be it further enacted. That a sum not exceeding one 
hundred thousand dollars be, and the same is hereby appropriated, 
to carry this law into eiiect. 



To the Honourable the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States. 

The President and Board of Mangers of the American Colonization 
Society, respectfully represent that, being about to commence the exe- 
cution ot" the object to which their views have been long directed, they 
deem it proper and necessary to address themselves to the legislative 
council ot their country. They trust that this object will be considered, 
in itselt, of great national importance, will be found inseparably con- 
nected Avith another, vitally affecting the honour and interest of this 
nation, and leading, in its consequences, to the most desirable results. 

Believing that examination and refiection will show that such are ita 
connexions and tendency, they are encouraged to present themselves^ 
and their cause, where they know that a public measure, having these 
advantages, cannot fail to receive all the countenaaee and aid it may 
require. 

The last census shows the number of free people of colour of the 
United States, and their rapid increase. Supposing them to increase in 
the same ratio, it will appear how large a {)roportion of our population 
will, in the course of even a lew years, consist of persons of that de- 
8cri[)tion. 

No argument is necessary to show that this is very far indeed from 
constituting an increase of our physical strength ; nor can there be a 
population, in any country, neutral as%) its etfects upon society. The 
least observation shows that this deswiption of persons are not, and 
cannot be, either useful or happy among us ; and many considerations, 
Avhich need nut Ue mentioned, prove, beyond dispute, that it is best, for 
all the parties interested, that there should be a separation; that those 
who are now free, and those who may become so hereafter, should be 
provided with the means of attaining to a state of respectability and 
bappines-!, which, it is certain, they have never yet reached, and. thers- 
fore, can never be likely to reach in this country. 



7^ 



u 



\ 



Several of the states, deeply interested in this subject, hare already 

aval t lemselves ot the opiioriuiiiij, inij,'" " ;..ii-ta riinppt*.-iU 

thr one single ol)i< cl ol' Ihe society, which your memonaltsts rciireSK it, 
tl e&ct thifeod I'he, have made the most cautious ami particu.ar 
m,j[riel as to the „ractfcal,iltly of such a plan and its ,.,os|,ectsol sue 
inquiries, as to . i ^^^ ^^^ „„ri-anted in de- 

«ess,hot. ia.mco,mlr, at ^^^_.^^ ^^ ^^^ conlidentiy 

:L;""fwlli he eas«y ovJIcotne by a moderate exertion of discretion and 
'"i:rthis"count,y, and in almost every part of it, they have fotind a 

''■■?fr.rort^^,Zs"^oft?et;eLt;\v:hi'^r;rten,or>^istshe, 

.eaU-prho: -,--s of .^. ™--o A,nca,^ana the resnU 

:ii!;rL'T.;'r;Siro^.>>st;onrah,et„co.^ 

mmmE^m 

""bI" Ihi: ThreAT" : I a 's [,fch;:f in° «es, rron, its conneetion 

«ifh L n as ri wlitl. has! ili-.ad'y, lo the honotir ol »- "Uii.ry, oecu- 

''■'^'TriL''oTfh':\^7ri.lrTL':,aLt,^o:;ed.h'y 'the provisions 

:r r«ctt nie acci',^,„ishnieni of its ohject, are "•;■'»'■"?«-»'! 

°h'ut";Se ,ot'aV:.tirpati„n oi* ''"-'j^^X'l,',™ npo^rtU e e'^ oy-^t 
expected from any measures vvhicli re j , dloae, upon i J 

of a maritime force, however ^■«"^"\^'-"^*^';;^^^^ ,. . „,e ,„,,i,lity of the 
The profits attemliMir it are so «^^<''««^^"^'^y;"^'\'''ta" there is any 
.norinc^pled will still be tempted t. ^^^^;;:^:ZrJ^^ ^^^l 
chance of escapin;^ the vigilance of ♦^^^^^^^"^.'Jfi^Vel.een enabled to 
From the best information your '"^'"^^^f, ,''^.X\,', ^f the present 
obtain, of the nature, causes, and ^«;;';-;;^,!^' f^,^^^'^ "^^^^^^ the 

situation of (he «"- ,^|,^:^ [^ ^h U.e su p i of thl African slave- 
Sr:.:llJ dv^l'lr :;• the" :l:::;'ire measures of .nd^spensable 

connection. i ^.^^ vpnrq acrn bv those heat ac- 



25 

The documents and papers which your memorialists had heretofore 
the honour ol presenting to Congress, and those contained ia the late 
feporls ot the Society, prove this position. 

Since the establishment of the Enuiish settlement at Sierra Leone^ 
the slave trade has been ra|)idly ceasing upon that part of the coast. 

Not oidy the kingdoms in its iiriniediate neighbourhood, but those 
upon the Sherbro and Bagroo rivers, and others with whom the people 
of that settlement have opened a eonimuniciition, have been prfevatled 
H|ion to atjaudon it, and are turning their attention to the ordinary and 
innocent pursuits of civilizt-d nations. 

That the same consequences wi'l result from similar settlements, c?a- 
not be doubted. When the natives there ^ee that the European com- 
modities, for which they have been accustomed to exchange their fellow- 
beings, until vast and fertile regions have become almost depopulated, 
can be more easily, and safely obtained by other |)Ui>uits, can it hp be- 
lieved that they will hesitate to profit by the experience? Nor will the 
advantages of civilization be alone exhibited. That religion, whose 
mandate is " i)eace on earth and good will towards men," will ' do its 
errand," will deliver them from the bondage of their miserable super- 
stitious, and display the same triumphs which it is exhibiting in every 
land. 

That such points of settlement would diffuse their light around the 
coast, and gradually dispel the darkness which has so long enshrouded 
that continent, would be a reasonable hope, and would justify the at- 
tempt, even if es|)erience had not ascertained its success. Althouiih, 
therefore, much may be ofected by the vigilant operations ot a well 
disposed naval force, it is to be feared that much will always remain to 
be done, until some degree of civilization is attained by the inhabitants 
of the coast of Africa. The present measures, therefore, for the sup- 
pression of the slave trade, if unconnected with others for the improve- 
ment of the natives, must hR long continued, and the etiects produced 
by them will be partial, tedious, and uncertain; and the least relaxatioii 
of this vigilance will revive it. 

But those measures, and all others involving expense and labour, 
may be withdrawn, as soon as these establishments upon tl e coast be- 
CO'nfe strong enough tu participate in the contest against avarice and 
inhumanity, and shall obtain from their evident advantages over the 
natives, a proper influence among them. And here your memorialists 
beg leave, respectfully, to suggest their fears that many of the protJisate 
adventurers in this trade will evade the search of our cruizers by their 
artful contrivances in disguising their national character. We have 
reason to believe that the slave ships of other nations assume the Hag 
and character of Americans, to evade the search of British cruizers. Is 
it not, therefore, to be expected that the act lately passed will often be 
defeated by American slave ships assuming a foreign flag and charac- 
ter ? A careful consideration of this subjeo! has convinced us that all 
our efforts will be insufficient to accomplish their purposes, unless some 
friendly arrangement can be made among the nviritime powers of the 
world, which shall leave no shelter to those who deserve to be consi- 
dered as the common enemies of mankind. 

A ■ 



26 

Whether a permission, under any modification, to certain specified 
thips, or in certain latitudes, lo search and seixe slave-ships, under our 
flag, such as Great Britain, and oiher Euru;>ean poivers hiive mutually 
given to each other, can be properly granted by our government, we 
cheerfully leave to the wisdom and justice ot" Congress to determine. 
Your memorialists will only ex;>ress their hope and belief, that your 
deliberations upon this interesting subject will enable you to discern a 
way, without any compromitment of our national honour, by which 
our country may be placed among the tor- most ar.d mosi efficient as- 
serters ol the rights of humanity. But your memo;ialists humbly con- 
sider, that the colonization of Africa offers the most jjowcrl'ul and indis- 
pensable auxiliary to the means already adopted, for the exteiminatiou 
of a trade, which is now exciting, in every country, that just indigna- 
tion which has been long since felt and expressed in tins. 

No nation has it so much in its power to furnish proj)er settlers for 
such establishments, as this; no nation has so deep an interest in thu» 
disposing of them. By the law passed at the last session, and before 
referred to, the captives who may tie taken by our cruisers, trom the 
slave ships, are to be taken to Alrica, and delivered to the custody of 
agents appointed by the President. There will then be a settiemeut of 
cajdured neg-oes upon the coast, in consequence of the measures al- 
ready adopted And it is evidently most inijiortant, if not necessary to 
such a settlement, that the civilized people of colour, of this country, 
whose industry, enter[)rize, and knowledge of agriculture, and the arts, 
woid<l re'idf^ yh^'m most useful assistants, should be connected with 
such an establishment. 

When ilieieloie, the object of the Colonization Society is viewed, in 
connexion with that entire su()j)ression of the slave trade, which your 
memorialists tru-t it is rt solved shall be effected, its importance be- 
comes .Uvious and extreme. The beneficial consequences resulting 
fio a success in such a measure, it is impossible lo calculate. To the 
general cau-e of humanity, it will afford the Uiost rich and noble con- 
tribution, and for the nation that regards that cause, that employs its 
power in its l>ehalf, it cannot fail to jirocure a proportionate reward. 
It is by such a course that a nation insures to itsell the protection and 
favour of the tioverrior of the world. Nor arc there wanting vie\\ s 
and coiisideralioas arising from our peculiar political institutions, w Inch 
would justify the sure expectation of the most s.g.ial blessings to our- 
selves iVora the accomplishment of such an object. If one ot these 
•onsequences shall be the gradual, and almost imperce|)lible, removal 
of a national evil, which all unite in lamen ing, and for which, with the 
most intense, but hitherto hopeless anxiety, the patriots and statesmen 
of our country have laboured 'o tliscover a reme<ly, who can doubt, that, 
of all the blessings we may be permitted to bequeath to our descendants. 
Ihie will receive the richest tribute of their thanks and veneration ? 

Your memorialists cannot believe tbiit such an evil, universally ac 
tnowledged and deprecated, has been irremoveably fixed upon us. Some 
way will always be opened by Proviilence, by which a peo|)le, desirous 
of aetiiig justly and benevolently, may be led to the attainment of a 
nuritorious object. And they believe, that of all the plans, which the 
most sagacious and Uisceruing of our patriots have suggested, for efl'ect- 



31 

Extract from "An act to continue in force 'An act to protect the commerce of the 
United Slates, and piiuii?h llie crime of piracy,' and also to make further provision 
for punisliing the crime of pirac}'." Passed IVJay 15, li)20. 

Sect. 4. And he it further enacted, That, if any citizen of the 
United States, being of the crew or ship's company, of any foreign 
ship or vessel engaged in the slave trade, or any person whatever, 
being of the crew or ship's company, of any ship or vessel owned 
in whole or in part, or navigated for, or in behalf of, any citizen or 
citizens of the United States, shall land, from any such ship or 
vessel, and, on any foreign shore, seize any negro or mulatto, not 
held to service or labour by the laws of either of the states or ter- 
ritories of the United States, with intent to make such negro or 
mulatto a slave, or shall decoy, or forcibly bring or carry, or shall 
receive such negro or mulatto on board any such ship or vessel, 
with intent as aforesaid, such citizen or person shall be adjudged a 
pirate, and on conviction thereof before the circuit court of the 
United States for the district wherein he may be brought or found, 
shall suffer death. 

Sect. 5. And be it farther enacted, That, if any citizen of the 
United States, being of the crew or ship's company of any foreign 
ship or vessel engaged in the slave trade, or any person whatever, 
being of the crew or ship's company of any ship or vessel owned 
wholly or in part, or navigated for, or in behalf of, an) citizen or 
citizens of the United States, shall forcibly contine or detain, or aid 
and abet in forcibly confining or detaining, on board any such ship 
or vessel, any negro, or mulatto, not held to service by the laws of 
either of the states or territories of the United States, with intent 
to make such negro or mulatto a slave, or shall, on board any such 
ship or vessel, olfer or attempt to sell, as a slave, any negro or mu- 
latto, not held to service as aforesaid, or shall, on the high seas, or 
any where on tide water, transfer, or deliver over, to any other ship 
or vessel, any such negro or mulatto, not held to service, as afore- 
said, with intent to make such negro or mulatto a slave, or shall 
land or deliver on shore, from on board any such ship or vessel, any 
such negro or mulatto, with intent to make sale of, or having pre- 
viously sold, such negro or mulatto, as a slave, such citizen or per- 
son shall be adjudged a pirate, and on conviction thereof, before 
the circuit court of the United States for the district wherein he 
shall be brought or found, shall saffer death. 




The Constitution of the American Society, for Colonizing the Free People of Colour of 

the United States. 

Art. 1. This Society shall be called, "The American Society, for 
eoloniziDg the free people of colour of the United States." 

Art. 2. The object to which its attention is to be exclusively di- 
rected, is to promote and execute a plau tor colonizing (with their con- 



32 

y sent) tlie free people of colour, residing iu our country, iu Africa, or 

' \ sucii other jdace as Congrtss shall deem roost exi/edieut. And the So- 

\ Giety shall act, lo eti'ect this object in co-operation with the general 2:0- 

lvernmeut,and s^ucIj ot the .states as may ado[)t regulations upon the subject. 

Art. 3. Every citizen of the United States, who shall subscribe ihese 
articles, and be an annual contributor of one dollar to the funds of th6 
Society, shall be a (uember. On paying not less than thirty dollars, at 
one subscription, sljail lie a men)ber for life. 

Art. 4. The otRcers of this Society shall be, a President, thirteen 
Vice Presidents, a Hecretaiy, a Treasurer, a Recorder, and a Board <A' 
Managers, cora(>osed ol the above named officers, and twehe other mem- 
bers of the Society. They shall be annually elected by the members of 
the Society, at an annual meeting on the last Saturday of December, and 
continue to discharjre their re?*;iective duties till others are appointed. 

Art. 5. It shall be the duty of the President to preside at ill meet- 
ings of the Society, and of the Board of Managers, and to call meetings 
of the Society, and of the Board, when he thinks necessary, or when 
required by any three memliers of the Board. 

Art. 6. The Vice-Presidents, according to seniority, shall discharge 
these duties in the absence ot' the President. 

Art. 7. The Secretary shall take minutes of the proceeding's, prepare 
and publish notices, and discharge such other duties, as the Boar*!, or 
the President, or in his absence, the Vice-Fresident, according to the 
seniority, (when the Board is not sitting) shall direct. Ami the Recorder 
shall record the proceedings, and the names of the members, and dig- 
charge such other duties as may be required of him. 

AuT. 8. The treasurer shall receive and take charge of the funds of 
the Society, under such security as m iy be prescribed by the Board of 
IManagers : keep the accounts, and exhibit a statement of receipts and 
expenditures at every annual meeting, and discharge such other duties 
as may be required of him. 

Art. 9. The lioard of Managers shall meet on the first Monday in 
January, the first Monday in April, the first VIondaj' in July, an«l the 
first Monday in October, every year, and at such other times as the 
President may <lirect. They shall conduct the business ol' the Society, 
and take such measures (or effecting its objects as they shall think pro- 
per, or shall be directed at the meetings ol the Society, and make an 
annual report of their [iroceedings. 'I'hey shall also fill u|) all vacancies 
occurring during the year, and make such by-laws for their government, 
as (hey may deem necessary, provided the same are not repugnant to 
this constitution. 

AiiT. 10. Every Society which shall be formed in the United States 
to aid in the object of this association, and which shall cooperate with 
its funds for (he |)urposes (hereof, au:rceal)lj' to the rules and reijulations 
of this Society, shall be considered auxiliary thereto, and it■^ officers 
shall be pntitled (o attend and vote at all meetings of the Society, ami 
of the Board of Managers. 



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